Advances in medical science are helping to keep many once life-threatening illnesses under control, which means people are living longer, healthier lives. This also means that more and more elders are living with chronic, but manageable, conditions such as diabetes, which can leave them more susceptible to other illnesses.
All this is happening at a time when government cutbacks are stretching resources to the limit. The move from in-hospital treatment to outpatient care is throwing more responsibilities onto family members, but resources are limiting the time that healthcare providers can spend with caregivers to discuss their concerns.
Although in no way a replacement for professional medical advice, this guide is intended to give you, as a caregiver, a brief overview of both the common ailments and more serious illnesses associated with aging.
Physical Changes
Aging brings natural physical changes. These changes can be very gradual and include:
- Increasing fatigue
- Aching joints
- Dry skin
- Reduced vision
- Hearing loss
- Memory loss
- Sleep pattern changes
An elder may initially try to deny these changes, both to him or herself and to you. Denial only makes life harder and can prevent an elder from taking advantage of the help that is available.
Try to persuade your relative to discuss these changes with healthcare providers. Eyeglasses and hearing aids can make life much easier and there are medications, therapies, natural remedies and lifestyle changes that can help with other minor changes that accompany aging.
Common Ailments and Conditions
Although many physical problems are common among elders, this doesn't diminish the discomfort or distress they may cause. Encourage your relative to discuss concerns with healthcare providers, and ensure that your relative follows the treatment prescribed.
Constipation. Although elders may often worry when bowel movements become less frequent, this is normal with age. If constipation does become a concern, a high-fibre diet is generally preferable to laxative use as an in-home treatment. Consult a doctor if constipation continues or if there is bleeding.
Incontinence. Some loss of bladder control is normal as we age. Mild conditions can be controlled by medication or exercise. Minor surgery can be effective for some other cases. Some elders may have to accept some degree of incontinence. This can cause shame and depression, and lead to social withdrawal. Talk to your relative's healthcare provider about available specialized aids.
Skin conditions. Our skin becomes drier and thinner as we age, and is more vulnerable to infection. Use of a moisturizer may be recommended for itching. Sunscreen with a high SPF is suggested for all exposed areas.
Fungal infections are also common and may require a prescription from your relative's doctor. If you notice lesions on the skin or a change in the appearance of a mole, your relative should be checked by a doctor to rule out skin cancer.
Varicose veins. Bumpy, twisted veins, usually in the leg, can be painful. Treatment can include elastic bandages, medication or occasionally, surgery.
Haemorrhoids. This is a variation of varicose veins, occurring in the rectum. Topical ointments can provide temporary relief but a doctor should be consulted if the condition lasts.
Memory loss. Elders are often concerned that occasional memory loss may signal a more serious cognitive condition. Remind your relative that some memory loss is normal and discuss techniques to jog the memory when required. If the memory loss becomes noticeably severe or mental confusion is apparent, arrange for your relative to see a healthcare provider. There are many causes for memory loss, and some can be reversible.
High blood pressure. This condition is usually first spotted during a regular medical check-up. If untreated, it can contribute to the risks of many serious conditions, so it’s essential that doctor's orders are followed. Recommendations may include medication and lifestyle changes, including dietary restrictions.
Emergency Conditions
Call 911, or your local emergency number, if any of these symptoms occur:
- Severe gripping pain that radiates from the chest to the neck, jaw and arms
- Sudden weakness or paralysis in one or both sides of the body
- Sudden loss of vision
- Dizziness and unexplained stumbling
- High fever with rapid breathing and chest pain
- Unexplained bleeding
- Bloody diarrhea or urine
- Loss of consciousness
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